Constantine vs Ashoka

Tamika Wright Constantine versus Ashoka World Civilization: Jackson State University Dr. Susan S Maneck When checking on the chronicles of the religions of Christianity and Buddhism, you can not help yet run over the names of Ashoka and Constantine the Great. Despite the fact that Ashoka and Constantine helped in the spread of their domains and individual religions they had various explanations behind doing as such. Constantine, the child of a Roman Army official was prepared as a solider at an early stage in his life. While he was growing up the job of sovereign changed hands numerous times.Until and Roman general name Diocletian held onto the seat During the authority of Diocletian, he made a change where he designated Maximian, as a co head and two others co-rulers who got known as the Caesares. One of the Casesares was Constantius, Constantine the Great’s father, to a segment of the domain that he partitioned into four regions. The principles of this new division of land c ame to be known as the Tertiary. With this new more established of intensity, the Roman Empire became stable once more. Albeit numerous years had gone since Diocletian came to rein, he despite everything had one issue that he had not managed with.He to some degree disdained that Christian populace of the domain since they would not venerate that Roman Emperor as a perfect figure. This was a significant issue for Diocletian in light of the fact that the Christian populace had been consistently developing and in the event that they began to dwarf the individuals who loved the sovereign as an authentic figure then that would discourage the Tertiary’s initiative. Additionally, the Christians would not announce their dependability to the state through penances, tax collection or royal help. To fix this situation, Diocletian announced that any individual that revered the Christian confidence was a foe of state.He requested his subordinates to oppress religious administrators and cl erics attempting to constrain the Christians to get faithful to him. Numerous Christians stood their grounds, declining to give up in any case the heartless demonstrations of Diocletian and his subordinates. This fight went on until Diocletian passed on. Not long after the demise of Diocletian, Constantius followed from that point. Since he had become a gifted warrior, the officers under Constantius’s rule granted Constantine the job of their new pioneer. Constantine lead them to numerous triumphs, one specifically, the clash of Milan Bridge.After the skirmish of Milan Bridges, there was just a single adversary left name Licinius. As a result of Constantines’s triumph against Maxenius at the Battle of Milan Bridge, Licinius chose to acknowledge Constantine as power and finished the since quite a while ago battled war. The main thing left for Constantine to manage was the Christian populace of his realm. My sentiment is that he fundamentally said you can't beat them go along with them. As per an artivle I discovered, â€Å"In 313, Constantine discharges an order for Milan that stunned the Roman world, The Edict of Milan specified that from now on, all religions, including Christianity, would be endured by Roman specialists. By doing this, Constantine set himself in a place where he was popular with most of the populace. Genuine enough they would not revere him as a divine being yet by tolerating their convictions it gave him another kind of intensity. It was fundamentally similar to the adage you get a greater number of flies with nectar than with vinegar. Constantine halted the murdering of Christians began by past initiative, which made the Christian people group thankful. This likewise placed them in Constantine’s corner. So from that point on, they generally concurred with anything he needed to do.He based on the association of the domain government by imitating the chain of intensity in the Christian administration. He likewise allote d a portion of the places of initiative in the domain to religious administrators and clerics of the Christian Religion since they previously saw how to lead and how significant a hierarchy of leadership is to a flourishing society. By doing this would likewise expand his political control. He excluded the Bishops and a considerable lot of the temples from magnificent tax assessment. He likewise pushed the Christian people group to concoct one concentrated thought of what a Christian is and rules they should live by.Now Ashoka then again, not at all like Constantine The Great, didn't concur with war by any means. He considered war to be an exercise in futility and assets. â€Å"According to his own records, Ashoka vanquished the Kalinga nation in the eighth year of his rule. The sufferings that the war delivered on the vanquished individuals moved him to such regret that he repudiated outfitted successes. It was as of now that he came in contact with Buddhism and embraced it. Under its persuasions and incited by his own unique demeanor, he made plans to live as per and lecture the dharma. Ashoka utilized his capacity as ruler to spread the lessons of Buddhism by listening in on others' conversations. He additionally kept in touch with some of them down. As I would like to think, Ashoka was exceptionally true when it went to the acknowledgment and spread of the Buddhism religion. He didn't really need the force, yet he utilized it in a way that bettered the individuals he was designated to control. â€Å"Ashoka Repeatedly proclaimed that he comprehended dharma to be the fiery practice, of the sociomoral excellencies of truly, honesty, compassion.Mercifulness, kindness, chivalrous conduct toward all, â€Å"little sin and numerous great deeds, â€Å" nonextravagance, nonaxquistiveness, and noninjury to creatures. : â€Å" He talked about no specific method of strict ideology or love, nor of any philosophical principles, He discussed Buddhism just to his core ligionists and not to other people. : Like Constantine, Ashoka utilized the clerics and profoundly named individuals to assist him with building the domain and the spread of the religion. The two of them additionally supporting in the structure of emergency clinics and roads.Ashoka was popular and recollected due to his authority and his numerous works like the statement; â€Å"All men are my kids. Concerning my own youngsters I want that they might be given all the government assistance and bliss of the universes and of the following, so do I want for all men also. † In indisputable goals, Ashoka and Constantine are a lot of comparable wherein they are extremely solid pioneers who were normally popular with the individuals they administered, their realms flourished with the development of the religion yet here and there they vary like I accept that Ashoka was progressively earnest in his faith in Buddhism.Whereas, Constantine I think utilized the Christian religion to propel his situation of intensity. By enduring Christianity, he picked up the trust of most of the number of inhabitants in his realm. So this made them, the individuals who rehearsed Christianity like him. There for in a manner they despite everything did what he needed them to manage without in fact driving them to do it. It like when you request that somebody accomplish some different option from driving them or requesting them they are bound to do what you inquired. 1

What Matters free essay sample

Cash, sex, vehicles, and garments; these are things that are celebrated on the planet today and as what matter throughout everyday life. You won’t hear a fifth grade educator revealing to her understudies that these are the things that issue throughout everyday life, except TV, music, and motion pictures work admirably at it. The American Dream is tied in with getting rich so you can have anything you desire. What is the meaning of well off however? The main genuine rich people on the planet are the ones with ethics. Without them, we are cutthroat monsters after material belongings. The United States of America highly esteems our empathy and ability to help nations in pressure. Supporting underdeveloped nations a huge number of miles away is a prime case of profound quality. Our cognizant would not let us live with our fortunes while there are countries with their populace experiencing lack of healthy sustenance. We become so coerce ridden at whatever point seeing an image of an individual in that circumstance that we need to take care of business. We will compose a custom paper test on What Matters or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Without our ethics, a large number of individuals would be dead because of its nonattendance and the nonappearance of our guide. In the event that you feel that the hole between the well off in the U.S. is huge, simply envision what it would resemble if there were no such things as government assistance and medicare. Bondage would even now be going on since there would be no one how might stand up and state that it isn't right. I wouldn’t even be composing this paper in the event that it weren’t for ethics, which is the reason it is the main thing. What Matters free exposition test There was a period I loathed him, when we were both exceptionally youthful. He was unbalanced to take a gander at, all spindly legs and bumbling arms. I had at no other time met somebody so haughty, so unfathomably discourteous, and just for the most part unpleasant. He delivered a great deal of salivation at whatever point he talked, which thus made him sound like the casualty of an unending virus. The most irritating thing about him, by a wide margin, was his failure to sit still. He would wander about the study hall, sneaking from work area to work area, continually making a scene out of staying away from contact with the floor. To know him at that point was an awful incident. Be that as it may, that period was brief, and is regularly disregarded. Past undertakings are actually that: past issues. Presently is the thing that issues, and to realize him currently is the best satisfaction. He is still very ungainly to look atnow significantly more soas his appendages are twice as slender and his step multiple times as liquid. We will compose a custom article test on What Matters or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page His face is uncannily innocent and doesn’t very agree with his classical clothing. Be that as it may, I have never known somebody with such a lovely soul as his. He is the kind of individual that isn't exactly certain on the off chance that he can be adored, yet still figures out how to give out beyond what anybody could sensibly bear. Joy goes back and forth for him in tsunamis. There are days when he emits with euphoria; there are days when he is mental. Most days he gives off an impression of being trapped in the middle of the two, lost some place inside himself. These are the days when he generally reacts with a â€Å"I’m fine† and a pitiful smile, in spite of the fact that his eyes double-cross his words, unequipped for covering reality. In all actuality he is continually near the very edge of obliteration. At no other time have I experienced an individual so tormented. His psyche harbors evil presences he will not allow anybody to see, however the impact that they have on him is exceedingly clear. They frequent him, cloud his heart with question, fool him into accepting he is useless. The cynicism tails him all over the place, overrunning the encompassing air like thick dark smoke, stifling all who dare track close to him. I accept that there is a piece of him that is sick of running, a section that needs to surrender, just to recognize what it resembles not to live in dread. I additionally accept that there is a piece of him that needs, more than anything, to be savedthough he seldom feels that he merits sparing. It is hard, now and again, to figure out which side will win. I will never let him know, yet he has a route about him that is totally dazzling. He regularly considers me, head positioned somewhat to the other side, one eye squinted, and right when I feel as though I may soften under his investigation, he smiles and mumbles something like â€Å"We should see each other tomorrow. We’ll drink espresso and smoke stogies and tune in to old albums.† Then, when we meet the following day, we do anything besides that. I live for getting up on dark mornings laced in his arms, his taking in time with my pulse; sluggish evenings in his front room, lying on the floor as he cumbersomely plays his guitar and half-sings something he composed; evenings that crawl as we channel jugs of wine and move to his father’s old records. His essence stirs each cell in my body. He motivates me to be better, for him, yet for the world. I endeavor to make him as glad for me as I am of him. He doesn't bid farewell. A glaring shortcoming of his, I am made frantic by the absence of politeness. Discussions on the telephone are left open finished. Flights face to face comprise of a gesture and a quick turn of the heel, probably. Regardless of whether this is his decision, or basically something he isnt fit for doing, I will never know. â€Å"It’s pointless,† he says to me at whatever point I attempt to contend. â€Å"Why make things harder for yourself? Consider how much more joyful everybody would be in the event that they just at any point said hello.† It disappoints me continually when he says this. I am left faltering, even as he feigns exacerbation and leaves the room. â€Å"But you don’t understand,† I shout toward him. â€Å"Goodbyes are everything.† My words presently can't seem to impact him, however. In any event, when he left to read abroad for a year, he wouldn't address anybody for about fourteen days before his journey . I bring this up to him frequently; I tryin vainto articulate exactly the amount it harms when he does things like that. He answers with a you-know-how-I-am somewhat look and a sorry shrug. At the point when he chose to leave once more, this time for any longer than a year, he did so discreetly and unexpectedly, just like his direction. I woke up alone that dark morning, jumping up, going through the house, shouting his name. Discovering his body folded in the restroom, discovering his soul no where. Needing to strip off everythingfrom his shirt to the very nailpolish I was wearingand vanish into the first light. At no other time had I felt so empty. I tore through his assets, through my things, urgently looking for a note, an image, a sign. Falling adjacent to him, requesting an explanation. His quiet was stunning. I ought to have been utilized to it by at that point; he had consistently been that way. It was a glaring shortcoming of mine to expect whatever else. Be that as it may, our past shortcomings are only that: past issues. I had the incredible fortune of knowing him, of cherishing himand that is what makes a difference. To cherish him was the best satisfaction.

Books for the Yoga Obsessed

Books for the Yoga Obsessed Yoga has been around for centuries and as a result, there are endless books about it, some sublime and some ridiculous. I’m currently working hard to become a yoga teacher so Ive spent months leafing through all types of books on the topic (because Im a  nerdy yoga teacher!) Yoga is more than the physical movements that people practice in classes. Not all parts of yoga suit all people (I discount quite a bit of it because I’m a tad cynical), but it has been a seriously mind opening experience to read about the different types, branches and effects of yoga, built up as a practice over hundreds of years. There’s a history in yoga that people just don’t see in their weekly vinyasa class- so I’m gathering the best books, technical, philosophical, instructional and  plain old fashioned fun. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Swami Satchadananda It’s an unfriendly looking mouthful, but this was the first book I read when I started my yoga teacher training and it’s surprisingly an easy read. Some of the concepts around body, mind, soul are a little heavy, but on the whole the sutras encourage a sense of self and a sense of self forgiveness. Yoga is a practice, and perfection is far from the goal. I like words, and I’m making the assumption that you’re on this website because you like them too. So, besides the comforting messages, the book demonstrates how the Sanskrit language works, and there’s no denying that it’s beautiful to look at the characters, trying to pronounce the words and feeling them roll around in your head. English, Shmenglish. Yoga For You Tara Fraser This is a great book for a beginner. Yoga can seem daunting and  frightening- books alone are never going to show you what you need to practice properly (a pain for Hermiones everywhere!), but this one gives a good outline of common poses, with great pictures and explanations. Tara also explains some breathing practices (pranayama) and chats a little about meditation, without making it all seem unobtainable. If you’re feeling a little anxious, it’s well worth picking up. Tara’s core point is that yoga is for the soul, and it doesn’t matter how flexible your hamstrings are. For the whimsical among us, there are some great partner poses in her book (significant others, parents and best friends, be wary…) Ashtanga Yoga David Swenson From the beginner to the advanced; Swenson’s book is the ashtanga and vinyasa bible. His flexibility is frighteningly impressive and in some places, the poses are resultingly comical to examine for us immature types (that’s me). Swenson is a master of his craft. His explanations are clear and the modifications are accessible. This one is a great book to learn from, especially if you’re interested to learn more of yoga than what might be in your standard class. Yoga Girl Rachel Brathen I was dubious about this one, I won’t lie. Brathen has millions of Instagram followers and lives a ‘Yoga Every Damn Day’ philosophy. The book itself is envy-inducing because Brathen lives on Aruba with a medley of puppies, a husband, a goat, endless sunshine and beaches. I live in London. Jealousy aside, the book is worth the praise. Whenever I falter in my practice, feel lazy, or scared, I go and re-read some of the short essays in this because they really are a motivation. Everyone goes through hard things: that doesn’t mean we can’t be happy. The yoga poses in this go from the easiest to the trickiest of inversions, so above all else, they’re fun to play with. A handful of recipes (I’ve tried them all) add a little extra oomph. If you want to buy just one book on this list, make it this one. Babar’s Yoga for Elephants Laurent de Brunhoff I have, when practicing, always wondered where I should put my trunk- and this book makes that super clear! This one is full of whimsy and great for kids. I’m not a parent, but yoga for kids can be super useful to  encourage mindfulness, calm, relaxation and ‘down time’. I’m an adult (so they tell me), and this makes me smile every time I pick it up and see elephants meditating on a bus at rush hour. Yoga for Travellers Jennifer J Ellinghaus My Mom bought me this for Christmas (hi, Mom!) and it’s genuinely lovely. Ellinghaus has a down to earth approach to yoga: roll out your mat in hotel corridors, on roofs of foreign buildings, in the 3 foot space between the bed and the wall in your hostel. Her stick figure diagrams are adorable- but above all else, this book convinced me that yoga is for everywhere and it can either make you feel more at home, or pull you out of home entirely- if that’s what you need. As a bonus, its pocket sized! Sign up for True Story to receive nonfiction news, new releases, and must-read forthcoming titles.

The Looking Glass, By David Hume - 2137 Words

In philosophy, there are many different questions seeking to be answered. A scholar might look at certainty, the existence of God, whether or not an individual changes throughout time, or some other great unknown. A conflicting question that more individuals should consider would deal with their own existence, and why humans exist at all. By looking at the idea of reality, creationism, and impressions, one can fully deduce why people exist. These topics are clearly invisible in stories like Lewis Carroll’s â€Å"Through the Looking Glass,† and David Hume’s â€Å"Of Personal Identity,† and â€Å"Why Does God let People Suffer?†. Individuals exist because God chooses for them to exist, perceiving them in such a way that they are unique from one another. Many people are familiar with Lewis Carroll’s â€Å"Alice in Wonderland.† Even if they have not read it, they have probably heard it referenced at some point or seen the classic Disney ta ke on it. The main premise is that a little girl, named Alice, sees a white rabbit, who continuously chatters about being late for an important event. She follows the rabbit, and winds up falling down its rabbit hole into a world called Wonderland. This fantasy world allows for a surplus of new adventures, all the while teaching Alice lessons about herself. Carroll follows this book with the sequel, â€Å"Through the Looking Glass.† Similar to his original story, Alice finds herself back in Wonderland on a new adventure. In the particular passage taken out for thisShow MoreRelatedAdam Smiths Wealth of Nations Essay3033 Words   |  13 Pageswhich represented a specific, partial, focused, even epiphenomenal, treatment of a vital, but singular, feature of the market). I In his effort to explain the nature and the particular mechanisms of moral sentiments, Smith, clearly influenced by David Hume,12 further elaborated the seminal category of sympathy. He inserted this concept as a mediating device between what he conceived to be two opposed poles that dominated modern, secular, moral philosophy: Hutchesons naturalistic theory of benevolenceRead MoreIwc1 Literature, Arts and Humanities Essay10028 Words   |  41 Pagesrepresentations of things with texture. Question 15: Multiple Choice _______________ makes a work of art feel cohesive and finished, with all the elements looking as though they belong together a) Balance b) Unity c) Contrast d) Emphasis Feedback: The correct answer is b. Unity makes a work of art feel cohesive and finished, with all the elements looking as though they belong together. 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But all of them, until recently, were glass companies, and there was only one way of putting beer into containers, a glass bottle. Similarly, as soon as steel became available, that is, beginning in the last decades of the 19th century, rails for railroads were to be made from steel and from nothing else. As soon as electricity beganRead MoreStephen P. Robbin s Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages(Prentice Hall, 2012) Management, 11th ed. with Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2012) Fundamentals of Human Resource Management, 10th ed., with David DeCenzo (Wiley, 2010) Prentice Hall’s Self-Assessment Library 3.4 (Prentice Hall, 2010) Fundamentals of Management, 8th ed., with David DeCenzo and Mary Coulter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Supervision Today! 7th ed., with David DeCenzo and Robert Wolter (Prentice Hall, 2013) Training in Interpersonal Skills: TIPS for Managing People at Work, 6th ed., with Phillip

Rough Riders Essay - 825 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;ROUGH RIDERS nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Ben Kerfoot nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;3/7/02 nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Per. 5†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;With the July temperature climbing above 100 degrees, the soldiers journeyed off through the thick jungle toward the city of Santiago. Wearing uniforms of wool, the men struggled against the heat. Many soldiers who brought rations of food along often discovered that it had spoiled. Soon many of them became ill from malaria, fever, and dysentery. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;After a few brief encounters, the Spanish and American armies confronted each other at the San Juan hills. The Spanish highly defended the hills along a ridge east of Santiago. Roosevelt scouted up and down the lines. â€Å"I had come to the conclusion that it was silly to stay in the valley firing up at the hills...the thing to do was to try to rush the entrenchments,† he said. With a pistol in one hand an a saber in the other, he rode up toward the top with his soldiers following on foot. They went all out toward the top, even though they were being slowed by the Spanish Roosevelt kept leading them on and eventually captured the top of Kettle Hill. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The battle for Santiago was the last major conflict over Spanish ownership of Cuba. Roosevelt and the Rough Riders forced the surrender of Santiago. Unlike George Dewey’s battle this battle came at a costly price. 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What Drive Individuals to Commit Crime Free Essays

Every crime is the result of individual, physical and social conditions. (Ferri, 1893). In â€Å"Thinking seriously about crime† Jock Young described crime as â€Å"a product of the undersocialisation of the individual. We will write a custom essay sample on What Drive Individuals to Commit Crime or any similar topic only for you Order Now This can be a result of (a) an innate genetic or physiological incapacity of the individual to be easily socialised; (b) a family background which was ineffective in the use of socialisation techniques in its child-rearing practices; (c) a social setting which lacked coherent and consistent consensual values†. This statement nicely introduces this essay, as all the main aspects that lead people in to crime will be discussed. Drugs are constantly the issue of intense government and political debate. Drugs and Alcohol are major factors in why people commit crime. An individual may be dealing in drugs to make money; they may commit crimes to feed their habit or they may just use drugs for recreational use. All these are practices are illegal. In the United States of America the number of inmates and prisoners has more than tripled since 1980. Four out of every five got there with the help of drugs and alcohol, says a report released by the National Centre on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University. The report says: Of 1.7 million prisoners in 1996, 1.4 million had violated drug or alcohol laws. They had been under the influence when they committed their crimes, they had stolen to support their habit or had a history of drug or alcohol abuse that led them to commit crimes. In â€Å"The Drugs-Crime Connection† John Ball discusses the criminality of heroin addicts. â€Å"There is a general agreement among criminologists that an increase in criminality commonly occurs following the onset of heroin addiction†. Ball goes on to present the results of a survey conducted on a large group of heroin addicts and their activities whilst on and off heroin. The results are quite significant and clearly show that more crimes were committed whilst on heroin. It is important to note that most of the crimes reported were for theft and that drug use or possession was not classified as a crime. This is hardly surprising. Drug addiction is expensive. But have these people been propelled in to crime or are they committing crime by their own choice? It was most likely that they chose to take heroin but eventually could not come off it. They were then forced, because of their addiction, to go out and commit crime. So in a way they were propelled in to committing crime. But the question should be asked: What propelled them in to taking drugs? Are individuals who grow up or live in poverty propelled in to committing crime? It is certain that individuals who live in poverty are more prone to committing crime than individuals who live in opulence. Comparing crime figures for different areas will clearly show that. But do individuals who live in poverty only commit crime for financial gain? The fact that money is not in abundance is not a just reason to commit crime. There are many people who live in less privileged areas that do not commit crime. So what is the main reason why a person will commit crime? An Individuals† upbringing surely plays the most significant part in determining how they will turn out in life. An article published by Reuters in 1998 discussed the effects absent fathers had on children: â€Å"Sons with absent fathers are more likely to be jailed†. When a father is not present in the home, his son is twice as likely to end up in jail, according to a new study by Cynthia Harper of the University of Pennsylvania and Sara S. McLanahan of Princeton University. Tracking a sample of 6,000 males ages 14 to 22 from 1979 to 1993, the sociologists also found that even after accounting for differences due to race, income and education: The boys who grow up with a stepfather in the home were â€Å"more at risk than those with an absent father, with roughly three times greater risk of incarceration than those who live with both their parents†. Young men whose parents divorce during their adolescence were â€Å"roughly one and a half times as likely to wind up in jail as children from intact families† — faring slightly better than boys who were born to single mothers. While whites have lower rates of father absenteeism than blacks, white youths whose families split are at a higher risk of incarceration than their black peers. The presence of live-in grandparents in households without fathers â€Å"appears to help improve youths’ chances of avoiding incarceration†, the study found. The lack of a decent role model in a childs† upbringing can cause many problems. When a child is growing up he/she needs discipline. They need to know what is right and what is wrong. Discipline is best administered by both parents and not just the mother. The statistic above clearly show how detrimental an absent father is to a child but other homes have fathers who, although present, did not nurture their children, or provide basic instruction on establishing healthy boundaries. Child abuse is found in families at every income. It is much more common at the lower income levels. Children who grow up in violent homes tend to use violence when they become adults in marriage and as parents. Each generation directly affects its descendants and indirectly influences later generations in the same family line. If a child grew up in an abusive household and later went on to commit violent crime, would his upbringing be a major factor? From the evidence presented here it can be concluded that an individuals† upbringing has a significant influence on their life. So an individual can be propelled in to crime. But perhaps he/she still has to be a certain type of person? Can people be born bad? The possibility that genetic research might identify genes for criminal Tendencies† has stimulated intense controversy. Media interest in the case of Stephen Thomas Mobley in which a ‘genetic defence† was pursued, together with News coverage of a conference in London in 1995 on ‘The Genetics of Criminal and Antisocial Behaviour†, brought the question of a link between genetics and Criminal behaviour to wide public attention. Mobley was convicted in February 1994 of the murder of John Collins and sentenced to death. Inspired by patterns of aggression in the Mobley family tree, his lawyers attempted to put together a genetic defence, not in hope of an acquittal, but to try to have the sentence reduced from death to life imprisonment (Mobley vs. The State 1995). The defence claims that there is a pattern of aggression and business success in Mobley†s ancestry that suggests a relevant genetic underlying for his criminal behaviour. In Mobley†s case the jury rejected the genetic defence. Whatever the merits of that particular case, might the findings of Behavioural Genetics provide any grounds for a legal defence? Since then a steady output of Newspaper articles and television documentaries have reflected continuing interest and concern over the suggestion that criminals might be born, not made. The nature/nurture debate rages on in many channels, but amongst psychologists and geneticists it is largely resolved that both are important. There are two possible theses of Genetic Determinism. Firstly there is ‘Weak Genetic Determinism† which suggests genetics has a role in the causation of a range of Behavioural and/or personality traits, such as aggression, dominance and IQ which are relevant to criminality. Secondly there is ‘Strong Genetic Determinism† which suggests genetics is a causally sufficient condition (under normal circumstances) for a range of behavioural and/or personality traits that Lead to criminality. But can an individuals genes lead to a life in crime? Are they the main contributing factor? Weak genetic determinism seems to be the more plausible theory. Strong genetic determinism would suggest that there exists something like a â€Å"Murderer gene† or a â€Å"Bank robber gene†. We clearly know this not to be true. We would then see a more even spread of crime throughout the nation if this were so. The premise that genes contribute towards persons† outcome in life can be accepted. If an individual has genes which make them highly aggressive then that person would be more prone to violent situations than a person whose genes make them a less aggressive person. The same would apply to IQ and dominance. However, it is sensible to say that not enough is known about genetics to make these theories solid fact but enough is known to show that genes can influence a person when certain situations exist. It is therefore safe to conclude that an individual is not propelled in to crime because of his genes, they can only influence him. This essay has looked at many possible reasons why individuals are propelled in to committing crime. We know that individuals† upbringing is clearly a large factor in determining an individuals† outcome in life. When an individual is being brought up he/she are taught what is right and wrong by their parents. The data shown in this essay clearly shows the detrimental effect that absent parents have on a child. The possibility that genetics plays a key role in the reasons why people commit crime has been looked at. It is safe to say that most likely, individuals are not propelled in to crime because they were â€Å"born bad†. It is also safe to say that not enough is known about genetics to present a concrete conclusion on the matter. From the data shown we know that when people are on drugs such as heroin, they will commit crime. Most individuals commit crime of their own accord. Whether they had a poor upbringing, they live in a â€Å"problem area†, are on drugs or have â€Å"criminal genes† they still commit crimes for personal gain. They are not propelled in to committing anything. How to cite What Drive Individuals to Commit Crime, Essay examples

Magic Barrel Essays - Leo, She A History Of Adventure, Charmed

Magic Barrel Who else from any Jewish - American authors can translate Yeddish for the American readers so colorfully and honestly? Who else can represent the reality of Jewish life with love and light irony? This is Bernard Malamud, who was born in family of Russian - Jewish immigrants. He found his characters in real Jewish community. That is why the tone and style of "The Magic Barrel" are so unmistakable and truthful. Through two main characters author involves us in a specific business going on between Leo Finkle, a lonely rabbinical student, and Pinye Salzman, a matchmaker. In order to get a good congregation Leo supposed to be married. How a man, who was studying for six years and who never was in a company of woman, easily can find a wife? The same way as his parents did. He went to the matchmaker. It was not so easy for Leo to appeal to Salzman, because he hoped to find the wife by himself. He wanted to be in love before he gets married. But he resorted to help. It was a firs time when he turned his mind over. Pine Salzman, the marriage broker, represented the old generation, and respected the old Jewish tradition. Marriage is a very important part of a Jew's life, and the family is more important than the girl herself is. He does not think about love. It is possible to imagine how Leo was disappointed when Salzmen introduced the girls to him. "Sophie P. Widow. Father promises eight thousand dollars. Has wonderful wholesale business. Also realestate." "Lily H. Regular. Father is successful dentist thirty-five years. Interested in professional man. Wonderful opportunity." Moreover, "She is a partikiler. She wants the best." Leo's interest to Lily was aroused, and he began seriously to consider calling on her. Finally they met. She provoked him to say the strange, but a very capacious and valuable phrase: "I think, that I came to God not because I loved Him, but because I did not." But Lily didn't dream about him, she dreamed about an invented hero. After this date he turned his mind over again. He felt that he could not love a girl. Although Leo returned to his regular routine, he was in panic and depression from one thought: nobody loves him and he does not love anybody either. There was no bride for him. Moreover, he realized "the true nature of his relationship to God, and from that it had come upon him, with shocking force, that apart from his parents, he had never loved anybody. Or perhaps it went the other way, that he did not love God so well as he might, because he had not loved man." " He saw himself for the first time as he truly was - unloved and loveless." It is possible to imagine how terrible Leo suffered. He understood that he has no knowledge of himself, and "never in the Five Books and all the Commentaries - mea cupla - has the truth been revealed to him. " He was sure that everything is gone for nothing; he stopped to believe in himself. His nerves were on edge. In this terrible condition Leo opened the Salezman's envelope with girl's pictures. "Her face deeply moved him." He was shocked. Something happened with him. His mind was turned over again. His new life began. The girl's face was not so attractive, but he felt that he knew her for a long time. The deep strange light was coming out of her eyes. "Good", Leo said," Good for Leo Finkle." " Just her I want", said Leo to matchmaker. It was Stella Salezman, the fallen angel. But these details did not interest him. He felt in love. He was happy and full of hopes again. He thought that even sky helped him, and he saw candles in the sky. Analyzing Leo's fate we can see the grate power of love. It looks like God wants us to be able to love and helps us if our hearts are open for this wonderful feelings.

buy custom Impact of the European Settlement on the Indigenous People of Australia essay

buy custom Impact of the European Settlement on the Indigenous People of Australia essay The early in habitants of Australia were the aboriginal people. They were mainly black in color and usually they were thought to live a primitive life. They used to live a quiet life that was not complicated by the modernity of the world. They were spiritual and did not have ownership of property especially land. Their economic activities were hunting and gathering of food in the forest. Additionally, there rule of law or the mode of governance they used was not complicated. They used to settle their disputes by the use of elders of the community. However, in the eighteenth century all this was to change after the European settlers came to settle on there land. The Europeans brought all the cultural activities by force to the aboriginal people. The aboriginal people did not have an alternative but to follow what the settlers imposed on them. Therefore, the European settlers had a great impact on them leading to the change of their lives forever. Discussion The European settlers came to Australia in the eighteenth century with the purposes of searching grounds where they would punish their prisoners. When the settled to Australia, they saw, that the lands were very profitable and they decided to take them from the indigenous people. The first impact they made to the lives of the aboriginal people was displacement from their land. Before the European came to Australia the aboriginal did not own property (Australian Law Reform Commissions, 2001). Anybody could settle wherever he or she wanted. In addition to this, they respected their spiritual grounds. Nobody could own them or settle on them. However, this changed after the European settled on their lands. At first, they chased them away from their lands especially those lands that were productive. They started issuing of ownership lienses to themselves and selling the remaining parts of the lands to the other European settlers who wished to on those lands. Because of this, the aborigin als were displaced of their lands (Fletcher, 2004). The other impact the Europeans settlers made to the lives of the aborigines was death. The Europeans brought death to the aboriginal people through conflicts. This meant that the aboriginals were trying to protect their lands especially the spiritual lands. In the process, it led to death of the aboriginals. The aboriginals respected the dead and the areas where they were buried. These lands were believed to be spiritual thus, the respect they had for them. On the other hand, the European settlers did not care about this; they had other things in mind (New South Wales, 2010). This led to them chasing the aboriginals of from their spiritual lands and selling them. This resulted to anger of the aboriginals. They saw this as disrespect and they started to fight the Europeans. As a result, they were killed leading to fear (Healy, 2008). This impact of death led to the aboriginal people fearing for their lives. Lastly, the European settlers had an impact on the lives of the aboriginal people through the change of their social economic and justice cultures (Clarke, 2008). The aboriginals cultures were thought to be primitive and backward by the European. Before the European came to Australia, the indigenous people had a quiet life. Economically the aborigines used to work in the fields by gathering food and hunting in the forests. There justice system was not complicated; they only had the elderly people as the leaders of the different groups. This type of lifestyle was appropriate and appreciated by the aboriginals. The societal eethics and moral values are changed depending on the environment they stay. When the European settlers settled in Australia, they changed the cultural lives of the aboriginals forever. After stealing their lands, the aboriginals did not have the land to gather or hunt for food (Leitner Malcolm, 2007). The aboriginals did not have any land that they could use for their cultural activities neither did they have the opportunity to practice their social cultural activities. Additionally, the European settlers imposed their cultures on the indigenous people. This was assimilated and made them more of them than the way they were. Therefore, this led to the impact on the lives of the aboriginals by changing their cultures forever. Conclusion In the past, the aboriginal people inhabited Australia. This people were black in color and they led a quiet life. They were not an industrious bunch of people and neither did they have the modern way of living. They were comfortable in the life they had and they did not require any help in their way of life. On the other hand, the European so their lives entirely differently from the aboriginals (Smith Lamberton, 2010). They thought that they led a primitive way of living and the only way to help them was to impose rules that will change their lives for the better. As a result of this, it led to conflicts between the two. One of the impacts that the European changed the lives of the aboriginals was death. In the conflict the aboriginal were killed leading to fear. The other impact was the change of their social, economic and justice cultures. Lastly, they were displaced of from lands especially their spiritual lands. Although it may not be visible in the present day, the aborigina ls will never go back to their lives as they were before. Buy custom Impact of the European Settlement on the Indigenous People of Australia essay

The Origins of British Columbia in Canada

The Origins of British Columbia in Canada The province of British Columbia, also known as BC, is one of the 10 provinces and three territories that make up Canada. The name, British Columbia, refers to the Columbia River, which flows from the Canadian Rockies into the American state of Washingon. Queen Victoria proclaimed British Columbia a British colony in 1858. British Columbia is on the west coast of Canada, sharing both a northern and southern border with the United States. To the south are Washington State, Idaho, and Montana, and Alaska is on its northern border. Origin of the Province Name British Columbia refers to the Columbia District, the British name for the territory drained by the Columbia River, in southeastern British Columbia, which was the namesake of the Columbia Department of the Hudsons Bay Company. Queen Victoria chose the name British Columbia to distinguish what was the British sector of the Columbia District from that of the United States or the American Columbia, which became the Oregon Territory on August 8, 1848, as a result of a treaty. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, which gave rise to the city of Victoria. The capital of British Columbia remains Victoria. Victoria is the 15th largest metropolitan area of Canada. The largest city in British Columbia is Vancouver, which the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada and the largest in Western Canada. The Columbia River The Columbia River was so named by American sea captain Robert Gray for his ship the Columbia Rediviva, a privately owned ship, which he navigated through the river in May 1792 while trading fur pelts. He was the first non-indigenous person to navigate the river, and his voyage was eventually used as a basis for the United States claim on the Pacific Northwest. The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the U.S. state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The Chinook tribe who live near the lower Columbia River, call  the river Wimahl. The Sahaptin people who live near the middle of the river, near Washingon, called it Nch’i-Wna. And, the river is known as swahnetkqhu by the Sinixt people, who live in the rivers upper reaches in Canada. All three terms essentially mean the big river.

System for Investigating Law Enforcement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

System for Investigating Law Enforcement - Essay Example The system of investigations should be independent to ensure public confidence of the process and to avoid a scenerio police investigating themselves does not arise. The first step is the police officers should be required by law to provide a name and place of duty. This will help in the investigations by being able to confirm that the officer was at the site where the alleged misconduct took place and determine whether the officer exercised certain powers such as arrest or searching of suspects (Ruggiero, 2013). The suspected police officers and the witnesses should be separated and interviewed within 24 hours after the details of the misconduct are reported. The evidence collected should be used for criminal or administrative purposes (van Dongen, Selleslaghs, & Gehem, 2013). To ensure police officers cooperate fully with the investigations officers who fail to participate should be discharged from the police force. To ensure justice is not delayed there should be enforceable deadlines for carrying out investigations (Gounev & Ruggiero, 2012). To avoid delays the concerned police departments should provide the necessary information, and the in vestigators should be able to obtain warrants to get the required information and be able to search private property for any evidence needed. Secondly, my system entails the setting up of an independent agency to deal with cases of serious police misconduct. The agency should be a separate institution from the police force and should be free from political interference. The agency should be dominated by civilian investigates and a minimal number of retired police offices. The civilians should represent the community by having people of different cultural and economic backgrounds. The retired officers should be there only for consolations purposes as the risk of police bias is

Canon Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Canon Case Study - Essay Example As going to be discussed below, it can be noted that Canon employs various strategies and has to a greater extent managed to meet the strategic challenges and changes as a result of the key success story in its operation. However, in view of the above explanations, it can be noted that Canon instead has been successful in managing its strategies by virtue of embarking on an open approach in formulation of strategic plans rather than being imposed by the top management. Its strategies are influenced and driven by the strategic vision of Canon’s senior and other managers. This strategy is very flexible in that it promotes an open door policy where views from other equally important decision makers are taken into consideration towards the attainment of the overall organisational goals. In most cases, strategic planning is viewed as bureaucratic in nature where it is often regarded as a preserve for the top management to impose their views and vision about the company on the other work mates. Canon’s policy is flexible and open to accept ideas from other people within the organisation. Through technological differentiation, Canon has managed to grow from strength to strength to catch Xerox which had been a world leader in the photocopying market since the 1950s. They have managed their strategic challenges as well as changes by developing technology that was completely different from Xerox and this offered new features which were not very common by then which gave them the competitive advantage against this rival competitor. Technology is dynamic and is expected to change constantly hence taking into account these changes is one guaranteed way of trying to keep up pace with the new developments in the market which will also ultimately impact positively on any business. Another strategy that was used by Canon was to target the small photocopier niche markets which

Free Death of a Salesman Essays: Four Characters :: Death of a Salesman

Death Of A Salesman: Four Characters The play "Death Of A Salesman" , the brainchild of Arthur Miller was transformed and fitted to the movie screen in the year 1986. The play itself is set in the house of Willy Loman, and tells the melancholy story of a salesman whom is in deep financial trouble, and the only remedy for the situation is to commit suicide. In the stage production of this tale, the specific lighting, set, and musical designs really give the story a strong undertow of depression. And logically the screen and stage productions both differ greatly in regards to the mood they set. Moreover the movie production can do many things that just cannot be done on stage, with reference to the setting of course. To generalize, the play gives us a good hard look at the great American Dream failing miserably. However the combination of both the stage and screen productions accurately depict the shortcomings of the capitalist society.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Death of a Salesman specifically focuses on four characters, the first being the main character Willy Loman, his wife Linda, and their two sons Hap and Biff Loman. As mentioned, the focal point of this play is Willy Loman, a salesman in his early sixties. Throughout the story we are told the hard life, emotions and triumphs of Willy the salesman. Early in the play we learn that he has recently been demoted to working for commission, which later in the play,(on par with his luck) translates into Willy getting fired. As the plot unfolds we discover that Willy had a rich brother who recently died named Ben, whom Willy looked upon with great admiration for becoming extremely wealthy and the ripe old age of 21. However Willy also becomes very depressed when Ben leaves, the fact being that he re-realizes the meagerness of his own life, and that he is still making payments on all of his possessions. Willy then comprehends that bye the time his worldly possessions are paid forà ¢â‚¬ ¦they shall no longer be of any use. For example, the Loman house has become virtually unnecessary now that the two sons have moved out. It isn't until after Willy's death that the final mortgage payment is made†¦.for a house with no one inside it. The one example of this statement is given by Linda during the final paragraph of the play,

Examine and comment on Islamic and Hindu beliefs about life after death Essay

Life after death is often a highly charged, debateable topic. Through this essay I will examine the argument that there must be an afterlife to explain morality in this world and refer to The Qur’an for Islam and Bhagavad Gita for Hinduism. This will allow me to conclude that an afterlife can justify morality, as human beings our life’s conduct is dependant on the belief of a good hereafter. Both religions very foundation rely on the fact that there is an after life, as deeds in this life will be accountable within the next. Although Islam and Hinduism both believe in an after life they teach radically different things about what it is. The Islamic belief is based on a linear time line, meaning that each person will live on this earth once and after that be judged by God. â€Å"The good and the bad deeds of every person will be weighed.† (Qur’an 7:8). This view differs with the Hindu belief as their belief is that to attain Mokhsa (release from the cycle of life) â€Å"everyone has to be reborn somewhere or the other to undergo some experience, until the Absolute Being is realised as identical with oneself.† by Swami Krishnananda. The individual must continue to transmigrate between souls to diminish all bad karma in the various lives they had been in to attain complete salvation. Belief in â€Å"al- akhirah† (life after death) is so crucial to the Islamic faith that any doubts about it amounts to the denial of Allah (God). This view is shared by the Muslim minority. According to Islamic belief, we have no means of knowing death as a revisiting experience, but Allah (God) has given humanity answers to every question regarding death. The first rhetorical question the Muslim is faced with in the Qur’an is â€Å"who will give life to the dead bones?† Islam declares that the Lord will. In the Qur’an, Allah deepens man’s way of thinking by asking them to reflect on how the rain revives dead earth. â€Å"It is Allah Who sends fourth the winds, so that they rise up the clouds, and drive to a land that is dead, and revive the earth therewith after its death†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Qur’an 35:9) According to Islam life on this earth is temporary; it is a preparatory stage for the akhirah (life after death) which will be infinite. Life on this earth is meaningless if good actions are not rewarded and bad conduct not punished. In order for an afterlife to exist, there must be some omnipotent being driving this idea forward. I will now be referring to Kant’s idea of the universe being satisfied, wrong has to be punished and good rewarded even if this takes place after death .The moral philosopher, Immanuel Kant argued that morality was the â€Å"categorical imperative†. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ if there is moral law, there must therefore be a law giver.† Modern society in alliance with Islamic and Kantian Views state that â€Å"justice must be served†. An example of this would be if a person commits an offence against humanity he/she has to be imprisoned. We’re then faced with situations where our justice system has failed to act with fairness and impartiality in accordance with what is morally right, this is when the idea of â€Å"justice in the afterlife† in religion comes into place. The current Laws are passed by parliament. The followers of Islam believe the One who determines the rules in this life and delivers the verdict in the after life is the almighty Lord. If we refer back to Kant, that once we die there is an afterlife for the universe to be morally satisfied that good is rewarded and evil is punished, there must be a God who can bring about some sort of Justice. â€Å"He is who controls the heavens and the earth†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Holy Qur’an 27:60.) To deny God as the moral law Giver is to deny the only reasonable foundation for the law of morality in both the religions, as in Islam the fundamental belief that the almighty God is the basis of all foundation of all belief within that faith, similarly in the contrasting religion the soul of the individual wishes to have some sort of conclusion in Islam the hereafter and in Hinduism salvation to become one with the creator Brahma. However the factor that differs the two religions is that the concept of the soul, within the religions. In Islam the soul has its own identity of the individual it was given to at the moment of conception it has no relation to its creator other then the fact that the lord was the one who blessed life into it and the soul will be obedient to its creator to the day of judgement. The concept in Hinduism contradicts this idea as it feels the soul is God in itself as it has to go through a process which will enable the spiritual self to become God himself over the process of time. If justice is not done on earth therefore there must be an after life. The concept of free will argues that humanity has been given guidelines by God. It is up to individuals whether they follow them or not. Some may then argue that God does not care about people as He allows suffering to take place. This is where justice in the hereafter is satisfied, and so that is why there is morality in this world. â€Å"For Muslims not to care about life after death is a serious failing†. Muslims are certain that people die. Doubts have been expressed by non Muslims regarding life after death. They question how Allah (God) can raise men and women after death, but Islam teaches that God can make human beings out of nothing so it is not difficult for Him to raise them again. â€Å"O mankind! If you are in any doubt about the resurrection, then verily, we have created you (i.e. Adam).† (Qur’an 22:5) The Qur’an goes on further to say that: â€Å"Does man think that we shall not assemble his bones? Yes, surely we are able to restore the very shape of his fingertips.† (Qur’an 75: 3-4). The Hindu Holy Scriptures such as the Upanishads and the Vedas clearly speak of a God that is associated with classical theism. Although over centuries we have come to know Hinduism as a faith with many gods it primarily has one God. â€Å"By one supreme Ruler is the universe pervaded. Even every world in the whole circle of nature, He is the True God†¦ (- Yajurveda XLI) .Similar ideas are expressed in the Upanishads â€Å"Know Me alone as the creator of all – I am the cause; I am the support of all that exists in the universe. May ye never turn away from me May ye never accept any other God in my place, nor worship Him. â€Å" What we can analyse from these quotes that for God to bring man to his former self is not an impossible task as he has created us he can kill us and restore our very lives. According to Islam when a person dies on earth he/she will not be restored to life until the day of resurrection. From the time a person dies until resurrection, they remain in a suspended state in Arabic known as â€Å"Barzakh†. The dead could be in this state of waiting for thousands of years before being brought back to life. The prophet Mohammed has said â€Å"that death is only the beginning of the resurrection.† 1 Islam states that time only exists for those living on earth. Once a man dies he leaves the time zone and a thousand years becomes the blinking of an eye. Although Islam rejects the notion of the transmigration of souls through various lives like Hinduism, it does state that the soul of each child came into existence ,before the physical birth from the mother’s womb. An example of this is were God made a covenant with Adam and extracted all his descendants from him and God foretold the religion of Islam so that the disbelievers of the faith were left in no doubt that God would resurrect humankind once more on the day of Judgement. 2 Although Muslims are given the day and month of this fateful day they are not however given the year as all the signs leading up to this day must be fulfilled. 3 â€Å"The sun will only be a mile away from the earth therefore mankind will be standing in its own perspiration† according to a companion of the Prophet. This has been taken from the Sahih Bukhari (collections of sayings of the Prophet Muhammad. Then the individual will be punished according to how bad the sin was that they committed. The worse the sin, the more severe the punishment will be. 4 On this day accounting of deeds will begin and each and every person will be given a book that will detail all the good and bad they have done in life. Although certain deeds in life will act as a â€Å"backup† to save you from punishment Muslims over the world go to the pilgrimage of Hajj so that their sins can be purged. Hajj is a purification of the soul from sins and a means to gain the Mercy of Allah. â€Å"Keep on doing Hajj and ‘Umrah, for they eliminate poverty and sin just as the bellows eliminate impurities from iron and gold and silver.† (Sahih Bukhari). In Islam, the foundation for a good afterlife is to have faith in the almighty lord and to try to lead a sin free life. Such is the driving force behind the concept in Hinduism be lovingly devoted to whichever Hindu god you are devoted to and similarly be dedicated to various religious ceremonies and rites. There are different aspects of Hinduism that determine how they lead their lives and what actions they do in order to affect their afterlife. There is also the factor of the burial procedure that could affect your outcome in the afterlife. The reasoning behind Hindu cremation is that they believe that the human personality is made up of five elements; four of which belong to the body which comes from this world, fire, earth, air, water. By cremating the body, the elements are returned to their respective area, while the soul continues in the afterlife. After death Muslims are buried, because even after death the soul can still feel pain so disposing of the body in any other means is a sin. When a Hindu devotee dies their soul leaves the body and goes to another world and returns again after spending some time there. Where a person is reborn is determined by their â€Å"karma†, the effects of a person’s actions that determine their destiny in the next incarnation. Hindus try to do virtuous acts of conduct so that they will increase their good karma and be reborn higher up in the caste system. This is done in numerous ways. Their initial aim is to worship Brahman (supreme Lord) by thinking about him and reading his Holy books. The Vedas, Smritis, Ramayan and Bhagavad Gita; Their life should involve praying and making offerings to the various Gods that take form from Brahman originally. There is no specific God that you can worship, whichever you choose is acceptable as it leads to essentially to Brahman. Hinduism believes in the existence of not one hell and heaven but in the existence of many sun filled heavens and many demonic worlds. 5 In the ultimate sense the purpose of these worlds is to neither punish nor reward the souls, but to remind them of the true purpose of their existence to lead an adequate life according to the Hindu Holy scripture The Vedas. The process of being born, to grow, die and be reborn again is known as samsara. It is the aim of every Hindu to be freed from this cycle in order to be in the presence of God, or become one with God. Karma is in itself a system of reward and punishment. The idea of reincarnation is not strictly limited to Hinduism. The idea of reincarnation is also becoming more popular in the West. This concept of reincarnation is summarily described in following verse of the Bhagavad-Gita. â€Å"Just as a man discards worn out clothes and puts on new clothes, the soul discards worn out bodies and wears new ones.† (2:22) The Hindu concept of reincarnation directly challenges the Islamic and western notion of one life, one heaven, one hell and the final day of judgement. According to the following quote Islam contradicts the belief of transmigration there is the belief that once our hearts stop beating this is the end of our worldly life but the argument of the non-believers is that bring back our forefathers. â€Å"There is not but our worldly life; we die and live (i.e. some people die and others live, replacing them) and nothing destroys us except time.† (Quran, 45:24-26) Although Islam does primarily reject the notion of reincarnation in the form of another being, there is an exception to this. Islam is split in to 72 various sets and there is one set that does believe in reincarnation, the Druze. The Druze belong to an eleventh century offshoot of Shia Islam, which originated in Egypt. The similarity with this sect and Hinduism is that it also believes in the transmigration of souls, although this sect calls itself Muslims it denies the Day of Resurrection and the idea of heaven and Hell. Similarly they believe the body is to return to the elements and the universe is eternal and always will be. The physical body of the ones departed and the burial procedure for Muslims is just the earth accepting what was already its own â€Å"To Allah we belong and to Him is our return.† (Chapter 2, verses 153-156.) This then leads to the point that they do not belief in the message of the prophets of Islam. The Druze sect is not accepted by other major sects of Islam, they suffer from isolation of followers of the same religion. Although there are exceptions, Islam predominately feels a strong and solid approach to the one Supreme Lord and the Day of Judgement. After examining both religions and their beliefs it seems that both religions have the belief in life after death but a very different approach. There are several cases where Muslims have turned to other religions for the answer to the afterlife.6 Having examined and commented on beliefs on life after death in Islam and Hinduism, thus relating back to the first point of morality, that must exist and be justified in the first place for us human beings to first rationalise that there must be an afterlife. When this is understood then the ideas of different religious views on the afterlife can be understood. Islam’s belief ties in with the western notion of the standard hell and heaven and you are judged according to your deeds in your life that you have committed. You are resurrected but in the form you died in. Muslims are then weighed for deeds, dependant on that you either go to hell or heaven. You are faced with many obstacles on the way and even though you have primarily been good all your life you still will be punished for the sin. There are also many large signs before the fateful day. For majority of Muslims the belief in the afterlife determines the way they lead their lives whilst alive. For Hindus however the belief is that you are reincarnated as something else, either in higher caste or lower depending on the good/bad karma. You go through various lives and cycles to balance this karma until you become god (moksha). â€Å"I am the Self, seated in the hearts of all beings; I am the beginning, the middle and also the end of all beings.† (10.20 Gita) The Hindu’s teachings also lay on the principle of morality as they are to be reunited with Mother Nature. In the Hindu religion, righteousness and to be without sin is of more importance, these are the factors whether one goes to Heaven or Hell. The Hindu’s teach, â€Å"As it does and as it acts, so it becomes: The doer of good becomes good, and the doer of evil becomes evil.† (Upanishad (4,4,5)) This quote explains that Hinduism has a concept of morality. Previously I have touched on the lifestyles of both religions Hinduism and Islam. Although they both believe in different outcomes, already while alive they develop a moral attitude in the back of their minds. This life will determine heaven/hell or higher /lower caste depending on what your religious belief is. What we can examine from this is that reward is something we all strive for, so the idea of a better life in the hereafter encourages good conduct in both faiths. Ultimately no matter what religion you have faith in it seems we rely in a better life in the hereafter. Hindu and Islamic beliefs about life after death seek to explain morality on this Earth. Our actions in this life will determine our post life existence, whether we go to heaven, hell, or are reincarnated. Both religions agree with Kant’s theory that the Universe needs to be satisfied. Worshippers are thus encouraged to strive to maintain their good conduct in this life. Without such explanations Kant explains, morality would be irrelevant. 2932 Notes 1) A story is told in the Qur’an, about a man who doubted Allah’s ability to resurrect a village. Allah caused him to die for a hundred years and when he was resurrected, questioned him as to how long he had â€Å"slept†. He replied â€Å"A day or part of a day†. Then God said â€Å"Look your food has rotted, look at your crops and the dead bones of your animals look how we adjust them and cover them with flesh!† (Qur’an 2:259) 2) â€Å"When your Lord drew forth from the loins of the children of Adam, their descendants and made them testify concerning them. (Saying): ‘Am I not your Lord’ they said, ‘Yes, we testify to it.’ (This) in case you say on the Day of Judgement, ‘We were unaware of this’. Or in case you say, ‘It was our ancestors who made partners (with Allah) and we are only their descendants. Will you then destroy us for what those liars did?†[8] 3) The length of the day of judgement will be equivalent to fifty thousand years of this world and this quote can be found in verses (70: 4) Holy Quran. The Sunni Islamic belief is that: â€Å"On Friday the tenth of Muharram Angel Israfeel will blow a trumpet the sound will be so fearful that the entire universe will self-destruct†. (The day of judgement by the Sunni foundation) 3) â€Å"And verily, Hell is the promised abode for them all. It has seven gates: to each of those gates is a specific class of sinners assigned.† [al Hijr, 15: 43-44] Murderers: â€Å"And whoever kills a believer intentionally – his recompense is Hell to abide therein forever, and the wrath and the curse of Allah is upon him, and He has prepared for him a great punishment.† [an-Nisa, 4: 93] â€Å"Verily, of the inmates of the Fire, the one with the easiest punishment will be one who will have a pair of sandals and straps of fire. His brain will boil from them as a kettle boils. He does not see that anyone is suffering a punishment more severe than him, while he is the one with the easiest punishment.† [Sahih al-Bukhari and Muslim] http://www.shariahprogram.ca/articles/hell-devil-description.shtml 4) Then believers and disbelievers will go to the bridge lying over the fire from hell â€Å"the bridge will be of one single hair and be sharp as a sword.† The journey will be of no difficulty to those who lived their life according to Islam. 5) Indralok is the standard heaven to which those who please the Gods through their activities go. The standard hell is Yamalok. 6One example is the 11-month-old Muslim boy from India. He has now been named Balaji, another name for monkey-faced Lord Hanuman. â€Å"He is reported to have a 4in ‘tail’ caused by genetic mutations during the development of the foetus. Iqbal Qureshi, the child’s maternal grandfather, is taking Balaji from temple to temple where people offer money to see the boy. Mr Qureshi says the baby has nine spots on his body like Lord Hanuman and showed them to journalists, reports Indian newspaper The Tribune.† What this quote shows is that there are differences of opinion within a religion as even genetic mutations such as this one have altered the decision in believing in the Day of Judgement for a Muslim man. (http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/fr/607381/posts)

Misuse of Cell Phones - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1420 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/08/16 Category Technology Essay Level High school Tags: Cell Phone Essay Did you like this example? Nomophobia is a term that the medical field has actually come up with for the behavioral addiction to cell phones. It translates to no mobile phone phobia and various other terms such as mobile phone dependence can be associated with this addiction. Susan Ladika addresses in the article, Technology Addiction, that those who are addicted to cell phones had more neurotransmitter activity in the region of the brain tied to rewards, mood regulation, and control of inhibition (5). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Misuse of Cell Phones" essay for you Create order The brain of those addicted is actually being altered. Smartphones encourage multitasking. However, no matter how much one may feel accomplished by multitasking, it has been proven that multitasking decreases the level of performance in all tasks. Unless someone is a genius, for most people, it is nearly impossible to divide their attention evenly and effectively between several tasks. One common example of multitasking is distracted driving. People feel enticed to look at their phones while in control of a vehicle. This proves to be extremely dangerous because driving requires undivided attention. Despite this being known as common knowledge, people still look at their phones while driving or even just stopped at a light. In the article The Smartphone Effect, Becca Broaddus reports that The United States Department of Transportation reported cell phones are involved in 1.6 million auto crashes each year that cause a half million injuries and take approximately 6,000 lives (12). Incr eased use of cell phones has also been proven to desensitize people to sensational content, such as violence, sex, and drugs. Never before has such content been so accessible and pervasive. Authors, Lt. Col. Dave Grossman and Gloria DeGaetano, point out in Stop Teaching Our Kids To Kill, that by age eighteen, a U.S. youth will have seen at last 40,000 stimulated murders and 200,000 acts of violence (15). This is all thanks to the media, in which violent videos draw in more revenue. The more one uses their phone, the higher the chance they use social media more often. According to Sherry Turkle, the author of Reclaiming Conversation, the pressure of appearing perfect and fabricating this perfect life is mentally and emotionally exhausting. Thus, misuse of cell phones leads to feelings of depression and social anxiety (25). Loss of focus, feeling of depression and anxiety, and the large chunk of time a cellular device takes from a person, all combined, lead to lower academic performance. School work is no longer at the forefront of students brains, but rather their cellphones or their feelings of sadness. Symptoms of cell phone dependence also include several disorders. Cell phones deliver instant gratification. A person can get a package from Amazon the next day, people respond to text messages within a few minutes, and so on. Ramanpreet Kaur and Saroj Sharma Nagpal explain how people who are impulsive are psychologically unable to choose delayed rewards which may offer more, over immediate ones. They neglect the consequences and only seek instant gains (Kaur and Nagpal 2). Such risky behavior can lead to dangerous situations. Nomophobia has also been related to textiety, which has been put forth by Charet Taneja in the article, The Psychology of Excessive Cellular Phone Use, to be the fear of not receiving or sending messages. This fear may be due to the underlying and greater fear of being isolated socially and ridiculed or ignored. As mentioned by Taneja, excessive cell phone use also leads to ringxiety and textaphrenia. These are disorders in which people experience an auditory h allucination in which they hear their phone ringing due to an incoming call. In reality, however, no such event occured. Furthermore, people may imagine feeling their phone vibrate in their pocket (2). When their cell phone is taken away, people who are addicted tend to get stressed and anxious. Their brain is insistently craving for that rush of dopamine. Such anxiety can make people lash out and be very moody. They feel on edge and can become angry and create tense situations with their fits of anger. Even though a withdrawal symptom does not encompass direct death, the quality of peoples lives is being affected. They invest their time towards a hand-held device, rather than investing in their familial, friend, romantic, and even intrapersonal relationship. Interpersonal skills relate to those set of skills which are essential for the positive communication between two people. These skills are used to help build and strengthen relationships and to work effectively with others. More time spent on online interactions leads to less empathy. For kids, especially, they are still learning right from wrong and often are unaware of the enormity of their actions. Now take phones which have messaging apps that guarantee anonymity. These kids can easily say mean words and not recognize that what they said was hurtful because they are unable to see the persons reaction in live-time. Instead, a screen greets them back as they feel comfortable in the confines of their home. Another form of neglect for face-to-face interactions is the habit of phubbing. Broaddus writes that phubbing, for example, is a situation where someone is using their phone while having a conversation with someone in the flesh (Broaddus 12). It gives the subliminal message, wheth er people mean it or not, that their phone is a little more important and worthy of their attention rather than the person they are talking to. The feelings of the other person may get hurt and the divided attention of the person phubbing leads to more superficial conversations with little direct eye contact. Consequently, both phubbing and a lack of empathy impede the growth of a relationship, and may even reverse its progression. This creates more opportunities for less trust, intimacy, and more lying in relationships overall. Some people may even get to the point where they cut off face-to-face interactions almost completely, and instead, spend all their time on their cell phones. These people feel that they have all they need and do not realize how crucial face-to-face interactions are for the human psyche. In the flesh interactions improve listening skills, conversation skills, allow people to learn how to stand up for themselves, and even lead to higher self-esteem. All these aspects of interpersonal skills work together to help build meaningful, strong connections. Due to an addiction to smartphones, intrapersonal skills are negatively impacted, and in turn, relationships are harmed. More conflicts and superficial relationships arise due to a person who is smartphone dependent. People swipe left and right, but there seems to an endless number of potential partners. This would be awkward in real life, but online, it is normalized. Such an environment, however, makes it more difficult to develop a secure and trusting relationship. Furthermore, according to Jeff Cain in the article, Its Time to Confront Student Mental Health Issues Associated with Smartphones and Social Media, online friendships lack emotional nourishment (2). Someone with six-hundred online friends can feel helplessly alone because compared to real-life relationships built upon face-to-face interactions, virtual relationships lack in meaning. There is no physical contact or eye contact over texting, which can reinforce a tender moment. Also, over text things can be edited, which hinders a persons ability to deal with others and express themselves clearly. Ultimately, texting and even talking over t he phone is drastically different from actually being together. A lack of empathy makes it much easier for kids to turn to cyber-bullying. In the book, Cyberbullying and the Wild Wild Web, author J.A. Hitchcock defines cyberbullying as the repeated communications online after the harasser has been asked to stop (15). They do not realize the enormity of the words they have said. Moreover, social media leads to more opportunities for drama to happen. This is because people can feel encouraged to keep stirring the pot. With the want to impress their friends and express dominance, kids bully other kids online. People have to be careful about what they do online because what they do will be online forever. Additionally, the right people can learn everything about a person from online. They can learn the name, friends, and even the location of the target. Cyberstalking is a serious situation, in which the police should be contacted. People are evidently aware of the threat. In a 2018 survey conducted by Deloitte, respondents expressed their greatest co ncern about sharing personal data with third parties and about usage of their personal data. 86 percent are very or fairly concerned about each one (Global 8). Privacy, along with the temptation to start drama and the viewing of sexual content needs to be kept under control. Otherwise, delinquent behaviors will arise and affect society.